{"id":12110,"date":"2015-09-23T12:21:16","date_gmt":"2015-09-23T09:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medwet.org\/?p=12110"},"modified":"2015-09-23T12:23:29","modified_gmt":"2015-09-23T09:23:29","slug":"a-tool-to-understand-and-guide-the-management-of-mediterranean-marshes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medwet.org\/fr\/a-tool-to-understand-and-guide-the-management-of-mediterranean-marshes\/","title":{"rendered":"Un outil pour comprendre et orienter la gestion des marais m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ens"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/bando3marosel.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12116\" src=\"https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/bando3marosel.png\" alt=\"bando3marosel\" width=\"750\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/bando3marosel.png 750w, https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/bando3marosel-300x44.png 300w, https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/bando3marosel-660x97.png 660w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Contribution des pr\u00e9cipitations et de la gestion de l&rsquo;eau \u00e0 l&rsquo;hydrologie des zones humides m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes\u00a0: D\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;un outil de simulation interactive pour favoriser l&rsquo;adaptation \u00e0 la variabilit\u00e9 climatique.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les zones humides m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes sont de plus en plus confront\u00e9es \u00e0 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une gestion proactive et adaptative afin de maintenir leurs fonctions et services suite aux modifications des bassins versant, de l&rsquo;allocation de la ressource en eau et du climat. Dans un premier temps, nous avons utilis\u00e9 les donn\u00e9es d&rsquo;un suivi de niveaux d&rsquo;eau \u00e0 long-terme de 37 marais adjacents endigu\u00e9s en Camargue comme une exp\u00e9rimentation r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9e non contr\u00f4l\u00e9e pour construire un mod\u00e8le hydrologique. En l&rsquo;absence d&rsquo;information sur les entr\u00e9es\/sorties d&rsquo;eau par les usagers des marais, nous avons n\u00e9anmoins pu estimer l&rsquo;\u00e9vapotranspiration en condition d&rsquo;ass\u00e8chement et d&rsquo;inondation, de m\u00eame que le coefficient hydrique du sol, param\u00e8tres essentiels au mod\u00e8le hydrologique. Celui-ci s&rsquo;est r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 tr\u00e8s performant (R2 ajust\u00e9 = 0.73-0.83) pour pr\u00e9dire les niveaux d&rsquo;eau de 12 marais ind\u00e9pendants. Dans un second temps, nous avons d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 un outil interactif d&rsquo;aide \u00e0 la gestion (<a href=\"http:\/\/mar-o-sel.net\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/mar-o-sel.net<\/a>) qui permet aux utilisateurs de visualiser l&rsquo;impact de leurs choix de gestion (niveau d&rsquo;eau d\u00e9sir\u00e9 chaque mois) sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des niveaux d&rsquo;eau et de salinit\u00e9 et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur la flore et la faune des marais pour une p\u00e9riode allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 10 ans. L&rsquo;outil permet \u00e9galement de calculer les volumes d&rsquo;eau n\u00e9cessaires pour atteindre les objectifs de gestion et ce, sous diff\u00e9rentes conditions climatiques.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mots cl\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/strong> outil d\u2019aide \u00e0 la gestion, mod\u00e9lisation hydrologique, Mar-O-Sel, Phragmites australis, suivi de niveaux d\u2019eau, gestion des zones humides.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Auteurs\u00a0:<\/strong> Ga\u00ebtan Lefebvre, Christophe Germain, Brigitte Poulin<\/p>\n<p><strong>Lire l\u2019article (en anglais):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger le <a href=\"https:\/\/medwet.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/Environ-Model-Sofw-2015-Poulin-TdV.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Cliquer sur le lien vers l\u2019article (en anglais)<a href=\"http:\/\/authors.elsevier.com\/a\/1Rk9E_V24Kc-Ik\" target=\"_blank\"> ici<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019outil Mar-O-Sel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mar-O-Sel est un outil de simulation disponible sur internet d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 par la Tour du Valat pour visualiser l&rsquo;impact de la gestion (entr\u00e9es ou sorties d&rsquo;eau) sur l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des niveaux d&rsquo;eau et de salinit\u00e9 des marais sous diff\u00e9rentes conditions climatiques. Sur un pas de temps mensuel, Mar-O-Sel calcule les volumes d&rsquo;eau n\u00e9cessaires pour atteindre un niveau d&rsquo;eau d\u00e9sir\u00e9. Ces entr\u00e9es et sorties d&rsquo;eau, combin\u00e9es aux pr\u00e9cipitations et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9vapotranspiration, ont des impacts sur la salinit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau souterraine et de surface, ainsi que sur les niveaux d&rsquo;eau des mois subs\u00e9quents. Les choix de gestions peuvent \u00eatre simul\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on interactive pour en \u00e9valuer les r\u00e9percussions sur une p\u00e9riode allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 10 ans. Les fluctuations de niveaux d&rsquo;eau et de salinit\u00e9 \u00e9tant parmi les principaux facteurs influen\u00e7ant la flore et la faune des marais, Mar-O-Sel permet aussi de visualiser l&rsquo;impact de cette gestion sur la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation submerg\u00e9e ou \u00e9mergente et sur quelques groupes d&rsquo;oiseaux nicheurs des marais.<\/p>\n<p>Visitez le site web ici: <a href=\"http:\/\/mar-o-sel.net\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/mar-o-sel.net<\/a><\/p>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4>Contact<\/h4>\n<p>Brigitte Poulin<\/p>\n<p>Chef du D\u00e9partement Ecosyst\u00e8mes, charg\u00e9e de recherche \u00e0 la Tour du Valat<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"ma&#105;&#108;&#116;&#x6f;&#x3a;&#x70;&#x6f;&#x75;li&#110;&#64;&#116;&#x6f;&#x75;&#x72;&#x64;&#x75;va&#108;&#97;&#116;&#x2e;&#x6f;&#x72;&#x67;\" target=\"_blank\">&#x70;&#111;u&#x6c;&#105;n&#x40;&#116;o&#x75;&#114;d&#x75;&#118;a&#x6c;&#x61;t&#x2e;&#x6f;&#114;&#x67;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>Cr\u00e9dit photo S. Befeld<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Contribution des pr\u00e9cipitations et de la gestion de l&rsquo;eau \u00e0 l&rsquo;hydrologie des zones humides m\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes\u00a0: D\u00e9veloppement d&rsquo;un outil de simulation interactive pour favoriser l&rsquo;adaptation \u00e0 la variabilit\u00e9 climatique. R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Les [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":12112,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,53],"tags":[291,292,294,147,293,295,296,217,297],"class_list":["post-12110","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bmedwet_news","category-publications-medwet_news","tag-decision-aid-tool","tag-hydrology-modelling","tag-mar-o-sel","tag-mediterranean","tag-mediterranean-marsh","tag-phragmites-australis","tag-water-level-monitoring","tag-wetland","tag-wetland-management"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Contribution of rainfall vs. water management to Mediterranean wetland hydrology: Development of an interactive simulation tool to foster adaptation to climate variability. 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